China Sets Up 450 ‘Xiaokang’ Villages Near Arunachal Border; India Strengthens Infrastructure

New Delhi: Once again the discussion regarding infrastructure on the India-China border has intensified. China has established a large number of so-called “Xiaokang” or ‘well-off’ villages opposite India’s northeastern states across the Line of Actual Control (LAC). According to senior Indian Army officials, China has developed a total of about 628 Xiaokang villages within its border, out of which about 72 percent i.e. about 450 villages are located opposite the North-Eastern region of India and most of them fall opposite Arunachal Pradesh.

What is Xiaokang Village?

The term “Xiaokang” is associated with a Chinese political concept, meaning ‘moderately prosperous society’. Under this idea, in the last few years, China started a plan to establish villages with modern facilities in the border areas. Permanent houses, roads, electricity, communication and other facilities have been provided in these villages so that the border areas can be populated and development can be claimed.

What is the purpose of building so many villages near the border?

Experts believe that the purpose of these villages is not limited to rural development only. According to many strategic analysts, these settlements are an example of “dual-use infrastructure”, that is, they can be used for both civilian and military needs. By establishing permanent settlements near the border, China tries to strengthen its claim on the disputed areas and if needed, these areas can also be used for military logistics support.

Why are there more villages in front of Arunachal Pradesh?

According to reports, about 90 percent of the border villages built by China are located directly opposite Arunachal Pradesh. This is the reason why more strategic concern is being expressed regarding this area. Many places are also said to be disputed between the two countries. Army officials say that the rapid expansion of these settlements can affect the regional security equations.

Why is this considered important for India?

These villages have been built in an area which is considered very sensitive from strategic point of view for India. In particular, the Siliguri Corridor, also known as ‘Chicken Neck’, connecting the North-East with the rest of the country, is strategically important. In such a situation, India is seriously watching the increasing activities of China near the border and security agencies are constantly monitoring the situation.

Is India also making moves in the border areas?

India has also intensified its plans for the development of border areas. The government has launched several schemes to strengthen roads, communication and infrastructure in border villages, the major one being the 'Vibrant Village Programme'. Under this scheme, facilities like roads, electricity and internet are being rapidly developed in many border areas including Arunachal Pradesh so that the population remains there and the border area can be strengthened.